Prevent of clogging via a mathematical model of heat transfer in submerged entry nozzle

due to the agglomeration and/or interaction of the steel with the SEN
refractory material. However, the continuous casting steel also leads
to clogging - the freezing of the steel in the SEN at the beginning of
the casting. The freezing of the steel in the SEN results mainly in the
change in the geometry, the low casting temperature of steel, the
insufficient preheating of the SEN and the low initial casting speed.
To eliminate the problems of steel freezing at the beginning of
continuous casting, the authors solved them using a mathematical
model of heat transfer in the SEN. Using the mathematical model, it
is possible to simulate the layout of temperatures in the SEN and the
temperature of the steel at the interface of steel - the inner surface of
the SEN. To determine the temperature layout in the SEN after
installation on the tundish, a method of measuring the decreased
average temperatures of the SEN by free convection after heating was
used. Based on the analysis of the current state using simulations in a
mathematical model, it is possible to define conditions for preventing
the freezing of steel in the SEN when the wall thickness or isolation
thickness is changing.