Anotace:
By 2050, the global population is expected to exceed 9.7 billion, increasing the demand for food production. Traditional farming operations cannot supply the exponential food demand due to land, water, and resource limits. Vertical hydroponic (VHF) systems, which enable hydroponically growing plants in space-constrained situations such as high-rise buildings and inside structures, could be a promising solution to these difficulties. Furthermore, smart technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and autonomous control systems (ACS) can be used to improve the efficiency and productivity of these systems. The combination of IoT and ACS in VHF can give several advantages, including increased efficiency, productivity, and sustainability. Nonetheless, there are challenges and limitations associated with the application of these systems. Thus, this research presented a thorough examination of the function of IoT and ACS in VHF. This paper also explored the benefits and obstacles of deploying these systems, as well as future research opportunities in this field. Finally, this article demonstrated how IoT and ACS have the potential to change agriculture and handle the growing demand for food production in a sustainable manner