Archetypy krajiny ako významný fenomén kultúrnej krajiny

Anotace: The landscape view provided by aerial and satellite photography enables differentiation of the extent of horizontal relations and physiognomic landscape changes and development that cannot be captured by ordinary terrestrial mapping. In addition, knowledge of the Slovak landscape types and their use provides differentiation of the archetypes which reflect relationships between human activities and changes in the composition of landscape structural elements. Herein, we discuss the initial approaches used in landscape archetypes identification and classification and also the creation of new methodical searching processes in temporal and spatial landscape changes. We selected model landscape archetypes of lowlands, highlands and mountain-alpine areas and also functional landscape types. The model archetypes define landscape element diversity and the extent of human influence on landscape, and they also clarify the relationship between landscape structure, landscape element patterns and the processes which determined their formation. The archetype analysis confirmed that objective knowledge of the landscape’s development requires an integrated approach to assess the significance of factors and conditions of landscape change. It is important to accept the natural and spatial conditions and the historical and socio-economic factors that determined subsequent changes in landscape element character and spatial arrangement. Finally, we propose management measures for those areas with archetype occurrence.