Kantian and post-Kantian thought as an illustration of an ideational foundations of european integration

Anotace: The European Union is in a grave crisis. The idea of ​​European integration ceased to be a carrier and an important value for many European societies. It seems that the current crisis is primarily the result of a deep erosion of the idea of ​​common Europe that has been uniting this region for the last decades. In addition to dynamic economic phenomena, globalization, social changes, including an migration crisis, decomposition in the sphere of ideas and values ​​seem to be the key. It seems, therefore, that references to universal and rationalist views shaping the consciousness of Europeans are fully justified. The discussion on the new shape of the idea of ​​European integration should, among other things, refer to well-established and grounded thoughts that for centuries have shaped European Civilization. The aim of the paper is to present the most important trend of philosophical and historiosophical thoughts of the Enlightenment - the philosophy of Immanuel Kant and his follower Johann Gottlieb Fichte - regarding their idea of ​​creation a “Common Europe”. The aim of the study is to participate in a scientific discussion on the fundamental issues of the European idea and to seek ideological inspiration for a new look at the integration of European societies. The article was prepared on the basis of the historical studies on European Enlightenment literature, especially the German “cultural field” as well as a contemporary studies of scientific literature in the field of history, philosophy and European integration.