Decarbonisation of the steel industry

challenges of the industries in Europe (according to the European
Green Deal). The primary goal is to achieve a climate-neutral in
Europe by 2050. Technologies with carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
should be completely stopped in the future. The iron and steel
industry is among the manufacturing industries with high CO2
emissions in Europe. In Poland, steel mills produce about 9 million
tonnes of steel per year (average for 2000-2021). Steel mills in Poland
use two steel production technologies, EAF and BOF. The first
technology is highly energy intensive, and the second has high
emissions of CO2. There will be no BF technology in zero-emission
smelters; this technology will be replaced by DRI (i.e., direct iron
reduction) installations, and electric furnaces will be powered by
renewable energy. The paper consists of two parts: a theoretical
section and a practical section. In the first section, the way the steel
industry moves towards climate neutrality was presented. The part of
the paper was realized based on European documents and a literature
review. The second part was an analysis of the CO2 emission in the
steel industry in Poland. The analysis was realized based on data from
the Polish Steel Association.