Srovnání krize parlamentarismu v Německu a Rakousku, 1930–1934

und Austrian Nationalrat in the early 1930’s and how the relationship parliament-government/
president was influenced in that respect. We argue that the German system of emergency decrees
of the President (Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution) systematically undermined the German parliament in favour of state bureaucracy and a technocratic government. In Austria, since
March 4, 1933 Dollfuss coalition of the right wing of Political Catholicism with the Heimwehr
implemented a degree law with the War Economy Empowering Act (KWEG) as a tool to govern
without parliament. The period of the Chancellors H. Brüning (1930–1932, presidential government) and E. Dollfuss (April 1932 – March 4th, 1933, parliamentary government Dollfuss) constitute the first stage of the weakening of the parliamentary system. In the second stage in Germany
since June 1932, the reactionary anti-parliamentary option of the Chancellors F. v. Papen and
K. v. Schleicher (presidential dictatorship) created a power vacuum without any viable alternative. We found comparable anti-Marxism aspects of Austrian and German administrations. The
difference was the final “totalitarian result” of the analysed period. In Germany the Nazis won,
and Adolf Hitler was appointed German chancellor on January 30th, 1933. In contrast, Dollfuss
withstood the onslaught from Austrian Nazis in the critical time 1933/1934, and established so
called “Estates state”, conservative oriented dictatorship.