Microfungi of grapes from small carpathian region in slovakia

2017 and 2018 harvest from Suchá nad Parnou and Vrbové village in Small Carpathian region of Slovakia. Samples were sent to
mycological laboratory, where they were stored at 4°C until their analysis. The objectives of this study were to gain more knowledge
about mycobiota on grapes originating from Slovakia, with a focus on genus Penicillium and its ability to produce mycotoxins in in vitro
conditions by thin layer chromatography method. For the isolation of fungi were used the direct plating technique on DRBC plates while
surface sterilized grapes were used for endogenous mycobiota analysis. The plates were then incubated aerobically at 25 ±1 °C for one
week in the dark. Overall, we isolated 818 strains belonging to 14 genera of filamentous microscopic fungi from surface mycobiota of
grapes. The most frequent were genera Alternaria, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Sordaria, Aspergillus, Botrytis, Cladosporium and
Epicoccum. The main occurring Penicillium species of the samples were P. expansum (60% Isolation frequency, 93% Relative density).
A total of 388 isolates belonging to 12 genera were obtained from endogenous mycobiota. The most frequent and the most abundant
genera were Alternaria, Cladosporium and Penicillium. From 3 different Penicillium species the most common was again P. expansum
(30% IF, 92.5% RD). The selected isolates – P. citrinum, P. expansum, and P. chrysogenum were tested for their toxigenic ability. Out
of 69 strains, 74% produced at least one mycotoxin as revealed by the method used here.